Sodium (Na) Reference Cell. These flame-sealed cells contain a small amount of solid, >98% pure sodium (Na) under vacuum. The concentration of sodium in the vapor phase may be controlled by heating the cell or cooling the tipoff stem. Operating temperatures typically range from 20-200°C. Higher temperatures may cause the sodium to intercalate into the quartz walls and damage the cell. Sodium has intermitant strong absorption lines which are used for calibration of tunable lasers and wavelength meters in the range of 4280-43100 cm-1 (232-2338 nm). They may also be used to stabilize laser frequencies via locking to a single strong absorption line. The quartz cell body is cylindrical in shape; outer diameter 19 mm; length 75 mm. The tipoff stem is centered on the cell, protruding not more than 10 mm from the cell body. Windows are angled 11° off of normal and have a 2° interior wedge to prevent back-reflection and etalon effects.

Potassium (K) Reference Cell. These flame-sealed cells contain a small amount of solid, >98% pure potassium (K) under vacuum. The concentration of potassium in the vapor phase may be controlled by heating the cell or cooling the tipoff stem. Operating temperatures typically range from 20-50°C. Potassium has intermitant strong absorption lines which are used for calibration of tunable lasers and wavelength meters in the range of 2490-45660 cm-1 (219-4016 nm). They may also be used to stabilize laser frequencies via locking to a single strong absorption line. The quartz cell body is cylindrical in shape; outer diameter 19 mm; length 75 mm. The tipoff stem is centered on the cell, protruding not more than 10 mm from the cell body. Windows are angled 11° off of normal and have a 2° interior wedge to prevent back-reflection and etalon effects.

Rubidium (Rb) Reference Cell. These flame-sealed cells contain a small amount of solid, >98% pure rubidium (Rb) under vacuum. The concentration of rubidium in the vapor phase may be controlled by heating the cell or cooling the tipoff stem. Operating temperatures typically range from 20-80°C. Rubidium has intermitant strong absorption lines which are used for calibration of tunable lasers and wavelength meters in the range of 6540-48300 cm-1 (207-1529 nm). They may also be used to stabilize laser frequencies via locking to a single strong absorption line. The quartz cell body is cylindrical in shape; outer diameter 19 mm; length 75 mm. The tipoff stem is centered on the cell, protruding not more than 10 mm from the cell body. Windows are angled 11° off of normal and have a 2° interior wedge to prevent back-reflection and etalon effects.

Rubidium 85 (85Rb) Reference Cell. These flame-sealed cells contain a small amount of solid, >98% chemically pure, isotopically pure rubidium 85 (85Rb) under vacuum. The concentration of rubidium in the vapor phase may be controlled by heating the cell or cooling the tipoff stem. Operating temperatures typically range from 20-80°C. Rubidium has intermitant strong absorption lines which are used for calibration of tunable lasers and wavelength meters in the range of 6540-48300 cm-1 (207-1529 nm). They may also be used to stabilize laser frequencies via locking to a single strong absorption line. The quartz cell body is cylindrical in shape; outer diameter 19 mm; length 75 mm. The tipoff stem is centered on the cell, protruding not more than 10 mm from the cell body. Windows are angled 11° off of normal and have a 2° interior wedge to prevent back-reflection and etalon effects.

Cesium (Cs) Reference Cell. These flame-sealed cells contain a small amount of solid, >98% pure cesium (Cs) under vacuum. The concentration of cesium in the vapor phase may be controlled by heating the cell or cooling the tipoff stem. Operating temperatures typically range from 20-120°C. Cesium has intermitant strong absorption lines which are used for calibration of tunable lasers and wavelength meters in the range of 2770-44050 cm-1 (227-3613 nm). They may also be used to stabilize laser frequencies via locking to a single strong absorption line. The quartz cell body is cylindrical in shape; outer diameter 19 mm; length 75 mm. The tipoff stem is centered on the cell, protruding not more than 10 mm from the cell body. Windows are angled 11° off of normal and have a 2° interior wedge to prevent back-reflection and etalon effects.

Methane (CH4) Reference Cell. These flame-sealed cells contain 400 Torr of >99.9% pure methane (CH4) at room temperature. They are used for calibration of tunable lasers in the 430-1050 nm range. While most of the absorption lines are very weak, except in the ranges of 3050-3650 nm, the alkane C-H stretch region, and 7275-8300 nm, the C-H bend region, the lines are highly accurate due to the high symmetry and simplicity of methane. The quartz cell body is cylindrical in shape; outer diameter 10 mm; length 75 mm. The tipoff stem is centered on the cell, protruding not more than 8 mm from the cell body. Windows are angled 11° off of normal and have a 2° interior wedge to prevent back-reflection and etalon effects.

Water (H2O) Reference Cell. These flame-sealed cells contain a small amount of >98% pure water (H2O) vapor. The concentration of water in the vapor phase may be controlled by heating the cell or cooling the tipoff stem. Operating temperatures typically range from -10-100°C. Water has a strong vibrational X band absorption which is used for calibration of tunable lasers and wavelength meters in the range of 3450-4000 cm-1 (2500-2900 nm). The quartz cell body is cylindrical in shape; outer diameter 19 mm; length 75 mm. The tipoff stem is centered on the cell, protruding not more than 10 mm from the cell body. Windows are angled 11° off of normal and have a 2° interior wedge to prevent back-reflection and etalon effects.

Isotopic Tellurium 130 (130Te2) Reference Cell. These flame-sealed cells contain a small amount of isotopically pure Tellurium 130 (130Te2) under vacuum. The cells must be heated to about 550°C to obtain proper vapor pressure of Tellurium 130. Mirrored surfaces will clarify as the Tellurium vaporizes at elevated temperature. They are used for calibration of tunable lasers in the range of 18520-23810 cm-1 (420-540 nm). The quartz cell body is cylindrical in shape; outer diameter 25 mm; length 100 mm. The tipoff stem is centered on the cell, protruding not more than 15 mm from the cell body.

Iodine (I2) Reference Cell. These flame-sealed cells contain a small amount of solid, >98% pure iodine (I2) under vacuum. The concentration of iodine in the vapor phase may be controlled by heating the cell or cooling the tipoff stem. Operating temperatures typically range from 20-70°C. Iodine reference cells are used for calibration of tunable lasers and wavelength meters in the range of 11000-20000 cm-1 (500-910 nm). They may also be used to stabilize laser frequencies via locking to a single absorption line. The quartz cell body is cylindrical in shape; outer diameter 20 mm; length 100 mm. The tipoff stem is centered on the cell, protruding not more than 10 mm from the cell body. Windows are angled 11° off of normal and have a 2° interior wedge to prevent back-reflection and etalon effects.